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2010 VACCINATION GUIDELINES

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Amanda
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2010 VACCINATION GUIDELINES Empty 2010 VACCINATION GUIDELINES

Post  pugpillow 7/13/2010, 7:09 am

The World Small Animal Veterinary Association's 2010 Guidelines for the Vaccination of Dogs and Cats is available online:

http://www.wsava.org/PDF/Misc/VaccinationGuidelines2010.pdf

It is good to finally see an expert authoritative source state that modified live (MLV) "core" vaccines - i.e. DHPP/DA2PP - are good for "many years". That is, of course, after the appropriate puppy series and one-year booster shot. Also interesting to read about the up-and-coming vaccines, especially the one for malignant melanoma.
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Post  pugpillow 7/13/2010, 8:00 am

While we're on the topic, I thought I'd share some information I've compiled about why and when puppies get three "puppy shots" - i.e. the combination "core" vaccination.

The reason for 3 puppy shots is that vaccination takes up where the immunity passed on by the mother (maternal antibodies, known as "MDA") leaves off. Each puppy is different and becomes vulnerable ("window of susceptibility") at different times, anywhere from 8 to about 20 weeks of age.

Here's the scoop:
When the litter is born and the mother's milk comes in, the "colostrum" in the milk contains antibodies to everything (except rabies, I think) that the bitch has been recently vaccinated against or exposed to. This colostrum lasts only about 48 hours but protects the puppy for quite a lot longer. At some point within the next 20 weeks, and this varies by bitch and puppy, the maternal antibodies wear off and the puppy becomes unprotected. This time frame is called the "window of susceptibility". Experts think this window can last anywhere from about 8 weeks to 20 weeks of age. The reason that 3 sets of DHPP vaccines are given to puppies is to ensure that they get protection as soon as their own systems are able to develop their own antibodies - i.e. when they become vulnerable/susceptible. By definition, then, almost every puppy is over-vaccinated but I'm okay with this as they are particularly susceptible to disease at this age and being safe than sorry IN THIS INSTANCE seems a good idea to me, especially in the case of parvo-virus.

In other words, most puppies that get an 8-week DHPP shot will derive no protection from it since the maternal antibodies are still strong enough to be effective in their bodies and will negate the vaccine. But those whose immune systems have matured quickly (i.e. the colostrum is no longer protecting them), will develop their own antibodies from the vaccine and be protected from then on until their one year booster without further shots in the interim. However, since we can't tell which puppies this pertains to and which are still protected by their mother's antibodies, we need to keep vaccinating them.

At about the 12-week mark, the puppies get their second set of shots (this is not considered a booster shot, but rather a second attempt to immunize). For those whose 8-week shots took effect (Group A), this second shot is redundant. However, for an additional percentage of puppies whose maternal antibodies have lost their effectiveness in the intervening weeks (Group B), this shot will enable them to generate their own antibodies and regain protection. The remaining percentage of puppies (Group C) are still being protected by the maternal antibodies and will not derive any benefit from the shot.

At about 16 weeks, the 3rd shot is given and this will finally give protection to the Group C puppies whose maternal antibodies, by now, have ceased to give protection; it will give no further benefit to Groups A and B.

Three puppy shots are given during this short time frame, not to boost immunity, but only to ensure that the puppy responds/develops antibodies from one of the 3 shots. No puppy should be vaccinated before 8 weeks old because the mother's antibodies will negate the vaccine. A waste of time and money and an unnecessary risk to the puppy.

Maybe some day in the future, protocol will involve titering at various points during this window of susceptibility in order not to over-vaccinate, but we're not there yet for a number of reasons. At the current time, titers should not be done under 16 weeks, probably because the dog's immune level hasn't stabilized yet and we haven't figured out a way to measure before stabilization. Furthermore, titers may be artificially high up to 3 months after the last booster and would give a false reading.

In adult dogs that have not been previously vaccinated, maternal antibody protection is not any issue so they should have only one shot and then a booster after a year.

And the one year booster in both cases should be the 3-year (not one year) DHPP.
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Post  Snifter&Toddy 7/13/2010, 8:55 am

http://www.vmd.gov.uk/VetSQP/vaccines/Authorised_Vaccination_Schedules_for_Dogs.pdf

These are the UK protocols.

Sections 18 to 25 deal with the WSAVA guidelines.
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Post  Amanda 7/13/2010, 9:44 am

pugpillow wrote:Also interesting to read about the up-and-coming vaccines, especially the one for malignant melanoma.
One of our companies (I work for several commonly owned biotech companies) is currently running a small scale trial with a canine cancer vaccine. It's a different approach than the one mentioned in the article but really exciting stuff!
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Post  Aussie Witch 7/13/2010, 3:03 pm

Great info! These cancer vaccines ARE really exciting!
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Post  agilepug 7/14/2010, 8:56 am

Indy only received vaccines at 8 & 12 weeks, she had a reaction, so I had titers checked when she was about 5 months old and again when she was a little over a year old. According to the titer results, no vaccines were needed.

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Post  Snifter&Toddy 7/14/2010, 9:02 am

2 sets of puppy vaccinations is the norm in the UK. However our vaccination licensing requires manufacturers to demonstrate the efficacy of their vaccines in the face of possible maternal antibodies, if I am reading the huge link I posted correctly.
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Post  Tyson&LuLu'sMom 7/23/2010, 11:39 am

I just want to clarify so it's correct in my head. Mac received a set of shots (1 year DHPP and 1 year rabies) when we got him at 12 weeks of age. Coming up soon he is due to get them again-the 3 year for each. We will get the rabies since it's required by law, but I'm not sure about the 3 year DHPP. Should I have titers done and then only vaccinate if necessary, or have him get the booster and do titers when he's due again in 3 years?

Another question about titers: LuLu (4) and Tyson (5) will each have titers done this year. How often is it then necessary to have the test done? If Mac has titers done this year at 1 year of age-and doesn't need to receive the vaccination, how soon would I need to have titers done for him (is it different because he was a puppy the last time he had shots and only received the one year vaccine)?
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Post  pugpillow 8/16/2010, 4:21 pm

Snifter&Toddy wrote:2 sets of puppy vaccinations is the norm in the UK. However our vaccination licensing requires manufacturers to demonstrate the efficacy of their vaccines in the face of possible maternal antibodies, if I am reading the huge link I posted correctly.

Bella, I finally got to doing some research about puppy shots in the UK and it seems that while 2 shots is still in common practice, there was a move started in 2007 to go back to 3 shots because of the potential interference of the maternal antibodies after the second shot in some dogs:
http://www.affieloverbreedclubs.co.uk/puppy-vaccine-guidelines.htm - ..."Most dog breeders will understand why it is necessary to revaccinate puppies to avoid interference from maternally derived immunity. Recent data has suggested that these maternal antibodies may persist in puppies for longer than previously thought and even at 12 weeks of age, some pups may have levels that may interfere with the effect of most currently available vaccines. For this reason the recommendation NOW is a return to the administration of THREE doses of vaccine to puppies. ..." It seems like the British vet industry, like the Canadian one, is slow to adapt.
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Post  thminis 8/17/2010, 1:13 am

Becky, it looks like the Distemper is recommended to be given at a year old and then every 3 years after. Make sure your vet's office isn't giving Lepto in the Distemper if you aren't wishing to give Lepto. It's a common combo vx.

Hilary your explanation is perfect for the reason we booster distemper. It's comforting to know my vet's office has been doing it correctly. We require that the last booster is given at 15/16 weeks old or older (depending on vx schedule).

In Illinois, Rabies is required at 4 mos. Some states/countries (Canada?) is it older??

Oh, and also nice to see that the article you posted clearly doesn't recommend the corona vx at all. Thanks for sharing.
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Post  pugpillow 8/17/2010, 8:35 am

thminis wrote:
In Illinois, Rabies is required at 4 mos. Some states/countries (Canada?) is it older??
Dr. Jeans Dodds recommends the first rabies shot should be given "at 20 weeks or older, if allowable by law". Up here, rabies vax are legislated by province. In Ontario, every dog "3 months or older" must be vaccinated against rabies. This is ridiculous timing as 3 months equates to 13 weeks, only one week after the 2nd DHPP "puppy shot". And we know the risk of the shot not "taking' if shots are given too closely together.
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